Search results for "HUMAN BRAIN"

Processing of a spoken narrative in the human brain is shaped by family cultural background

2020

ABSTRACTUsing neuroimaging, we studied influence of family cultural background on processing of an audiobook in human brain. The audiobook depicted life of two young Finnish men, one with the Finnish and the other with the Russian family background. Shared family cultural background enhanced similarity of narrative processing in the brain at prelexical, word, sentence, and narrative levels. Similarity was also enhanced in brain areas supporting imagery. The cultural background was further reflected as semantic differences in word lists by which the subjects described what had been on their minds when they heard the audiobook during neuroimaging. Strength of social identity shaped word, sent…

Swift light sheet volumetric charting of large human brain portions

2020

Using a custom light sheet fluorescence microscope, we image large stained human brain portions, labelled for NeuN and GAD67 neuronal markers, discerning the inhibitory population via neural-network based image analysis and exposing the brain connectivity.

Impairment of Everyday Spatial Navigation Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Weakly Associated with Reduced Grey Matter Volume in the Medial P…

2020

Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

2017

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising neuroimaging method for investigating networks of cortical regions over time. We propose a directed effective connectivity method (TPDC) allowing the capture of both time and frequency evolution of the brain’s networks using fNIRS data acquired from healthy subjects performing a continuous finger-tapping task. Using this method we show the directed connectivity patterns among cortical motor regions involved in the task and their significant variations in the strength of information flow exchanges. Intra and inter-hemispheric connections during the motor task with their temporal evolution are also provided. Characterisation of the …

Klinische Aspekte der "argyrophilic grain disease"

2000

Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is a frequently occurring degenerative illness of the aging human brain. It is accompanied by progressive pathological alterations of the cytsokeleton which are traceable to an abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule associated tau protein. Histologically, it is possible with the help of suitable staining techniques to identify pathognomonic spindle-shaped cellular inclusions (argyrophilic grains). These cellular inclusions display a typical cortical as well as subcortical distribution pattern. The goal of the present study is the retrospective evaluation of the clinical findings from 53 individuals with neuropathologically demonstrable AGD-related chang…

Supporting recovery from brain injury

2018

The beauty and intricacy of the human brain is unfortunately also mirrored by its vulnerability. Damage to the brain is typically permanent. Because cells of the adult brain, apart from rare exceptions, no longer divide, there is essentially no regrowth of damaged brain tissue. Acquired brain injury in the majority of cases occurs directly through traumatic events such as an accident involving a blow to the head or indirectly through interruption of the blood supply, namely a stroke. Brain injury is a major burden, with an estimated 1.7 million people in the United States suffering a traumatic brain injury and nearly 800,000 Americans suffering a stroke each year ( 1 , 2 ). However, current…

Spatial-temporal interactions in the human brain

2009

The review summarises current evidence on the cognitive mechanisms for the integration of spatial and temporal representations and of common brain structures to process the where and when of stimuli. Psychophysical experiments document the presence of spatially localised distortions of sub-second time intervals and suggest that visual events are timed by neural mechanisms that are spatially selective. On the other hand, experiments with supra-second intervals suggest that time could be represented on a mental time-line ordered from left-to-right, similar to what is reported for other ordered quantities, such as numbers. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings point towards the posterio…

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in Psychiatry

2001

In recent years, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging has opened up new avenues to the study of psychiatric disorders. A number of structural changes characteristic for different psychiatric diseases could be delineated by the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables the in vivo investigation of cerebral neuronal activation under cognitive or behavioral activation paradigms. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows for the study of defined neurochemical substances or pharmacological agents in the human brain. This article presents an overview of the basic principles of the different MRI techniques and representative re…

Neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads as a cause of dementia in Parkinson’s disease

1997

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the most common age-related degenerative disorders of the human brain. Both diseases involve multiple neuronal systems and are the consequences of cytoskeletal abnormalities. In AD susceptible neurons produce neurofibrillary changes, while in Parkinson’s disease, they develop Lewy bodies. In AD six developmental stages can be distinguished on account of the predictable manner in which the neurofibrillary changes spread across the cerebral cortex. During the course of PD numerous limbic determined parts of the brain undergo specific lesions regulating endocrine and autonomic functions. In general, the extranigral destructions are in t…

Isolation and molecular characterization of brain microvascular endothelial cells from human brain tumors.

2002

Brain tumor formation and growth is accompanied by the proliferation and infiltration of blood capillaries. The phenotypes of endothelial cells that make up capillaries are known to differ not only in the tissues in which endothelial cells are located but also as a result of the microenvironment to which they are exposed. For this reason, primary cultures of brain endothelial cells were isolated from human brain tumors removed by surgery and compared with cells from normal tissue. The primary confluent monolayers that grew out of isolated capillary fragments consisted of closely associated, elongated, fusiform-shaped cells. But brain tumor-derived endothelial cells in culture exhibited sign…